Policy & jurisdictions

How to read this table

A row is a jurisdiction and a subject, not a jurisdiction on its own. That follows from the texts themselves. The 1971 Convention schedules the compounds and names no fungus anywhere in its Schedule I list, while the United Kingdom separately schedules Fungus (of any kind) which contains psilocin, and the Netherlands schedules individual species by binomial. Those are different objects of control, and merging them into one cell per country would lose the distinction.

Each row reports what the cited text states and nothing beyond it. Where a schedule lists compounds and does not mention fungi, the row says that and stops. It is not evidence that a mushroom is uncontrolled there: that question turns on how the jurisdiction treats a material containing a scheduled substance, which is a matter for a lawyer in that jurisdiction and not for a mycological reference.

Every row carries the date its text was read, because a legal text can only be reported as at a date. This table does not track dates of effect or amendment history, and a row is not a statement about the law today.

6 jurisdictions, 9 provisions, each read directly in the cited primary text. Latest verification 2026-09-29.
Jurisdiction	Subject	What the cited text states	Source	Read on
International (1971 Convention)	Compounds	Psilocine and psilocybine are listed in Schedule I. The Schedule I list names chemical substances only; no fungus, genus or species appears in it.	List of Substances in the Schedules, Substances in Schedule I	2026-09-29
United Kingdom	Compounds	Psilocin is listed as a named substance in Schedule 2.	Schedule 2, Part I	2026-09-29
United Kingdom	Fungi containing them	Schedule 2 separately lists "Fungus (of any kind) which contains psilocin or an ester of psilocin". The organism is named in its own right, not only by way of the compound.	Schedule 2, Part I	2026-09-29
United Kingdom	Research access	Both psilocin and the fungus entry appear in Schedule 1 of the 2001 Regulations, the most restricted schedule. This row records that placement only; the licensing consequences are not summarised here.	Schedule 1	2026-09-29
United States (federal)	Compounds	Psilocybin and psilocyn are listed in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, at items (15) and (16) under hallucinogenic substances. The statutory schedule names substances; no fungus, genus or species appears in it. State law diverges from federal law and is not covered by this row.	21 U.S.C. 812, Schedule I(c)	2026-09-29
Canada	Compounds	Psilocin and psilocybin, and any salt of either, are listed in Schedule III at items 11 and 12. The entries name substances and salts; no fungus, genus or species appears in them.	Schedule III, items 11 and 12	2026-09-29
Germany	Compounds	Psilocin (Psilotsin) and Psilocybin are listed by name in Anlage I. The annex uses an organism formulation for another entry, Salvia divinorum (Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile), but carries no equivalent entry naming fungi, a genus or a species.	Anlage I	2026-09-29
Netherlands	Compounds	Psilocine and psilocybine appear as named substances.	Substance lists	2026-09-29
Netherlands	Named species	Lijst II carries a heading for mushrooms that naturally contain psilocine or psilocybine, followed by fungi named individually by binomial across Agrocybe, Conocybe, Pluteus and Psilocybe. 111 distinct Psilocybe binomials were counted in the list as read, among them Psilocybe semilanceata, Psilocybe serbica and Psilocybe bohemica as separate entries.	Lijst II, Paddo's A	2026-09-29

Jurisdictions not included, and why

A gap in the table above means a jurisdiction has not been verified here. It never means that a compound or an organism is uncontrolled there. The following were attempted and could not be read to the standard the rest of this reference uses, which is to read the provision in the primary text rather than in a summary of it.

Australia: The in-force Poisons Standard was identified on the Federal Register of Legislation, but its text is delivered through a client-side application rather than as a retrievable document, so no provision could be read directly.
Brazil: The ANVISA list was not retrievable as a document; the endpoint tried returned a web application shell rather than the instrument.
Japan: The official translation service returned an authorisation error, and no primary text was read.
New Zealand: Requests to the official legislation service were answered with an interstitial rather than the Act, so no provision could be read directly.

Most of the world is absent from this table. That is the honest state of it, and expanding it is a matter of reading more primary texts rather than of collecting more summaries.

A legal list can preserve a superseded taxonomy

One consequence matters for a reference about a genus. A schedule that names species by binomial freezes the taxonomy current when it was drafted, and taxonomy moves. The Dutch list read here carries Psilocybe serbica and Psilocybe bohemica as separate entries, while the molecular revision this reference follows treats bohemica as a variety within serbica rather than a species of its own.

Nothing follows from that about anyone's legal position, and this reference draws no such conclusion. It is recorded because it shows why a name is not a neutral label: a nomenclatural act made in a journal in 2011 does not update a schedule written around an earlier one, and the two can disagree while both remain in force in their own domains. The essay Reading the scientific record sets out the general form of that problem.

Sources

Parliament of Canada (1996). Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19), Schedule III. . Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Consolidated Act retrieved as HTML from the Justice Laws Website, full-text view.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Read the schedules in the consolidated text. Schedule III lists item 11 'Psilocin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-hydroxyindole) and any salt thereof' and item 12 'Psilocybin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-phosphoryloxyindole) and any salt thereof'. Schedule placement confirmed by locating the nearest preceding schedule heading in the retrieved text. The schedule names substances and salts; no fungus, genus or species appears in these entries.
Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1981). Betäubungsmittelgesetz, Anlage I (nicht verkehrsfähige Betäubungsmittel). . Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Annex retrieved as HTML from gesetze-im-internet.de, the official consolidated-law service of the Federal Ministry of Justice.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Read the annex as retrieved. It lists 'Psilocin (Psilotsin)' and 'Psilocybin' by name with chemical descriptions. The annex does use an organism formulation elsewhere, 'Salvia divinorum (Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile)', but no equivalent entry naming fungi, a genus or a species appears. This record supports only what the annex text lists; it is not used here to draw any conclusion about the status of a mushroom under German law.
Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (1928). Opiumwet, Lijst I en Lijst II. . Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Consolidated Act retrieved as HTML from wetten.overheid.nl, the official Dutch consolidated-legislation service.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Read both substance lists and the mushroom provision. 'psilocine' and 'psilocybine' appear as named substances. Lijst II additionally carries a heading rendered 'Paddo's A: paddenstoelen die van nature de stof psilocine of psilocybine bevatten', followed by an explicit list of fungi named by binomial across Agrocybe, Conocybe, Pluteus and Psilocybe. 111 distinct 'psilocybe <epithet>' strings were counted in that list, including psilocybe semilanceata, psilocybe serbica and psilocybe bohemica as separate entries. Text read as at the retrieval date; amendment history and dates of effect were not traced.
United Kingdom Parliament (1971). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, Schedule 2: Controlled Drugs. . Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Consolidated schedule retrieved as XML from legislation.gov.uk at /ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/data.xml. Revised text as published by The National Archives.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Read Part I of the schedule as retrieved. It lists 'Psilocin' as a named substance and, separately, 'Fungus (of any kind) which contains psilocin or an ester of psilocin'. The organism is therefore controlled in its own right and not only by way of the compound. Text read as at the retrieval date; amendment history and dates of effect were not traced.
United Kingdom Parliament (2001). Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, Schedule 1. . Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Consolidated schedule retrieved as XML from legislation.gov.uk at /uksi/2001/3998/schedule/1/data.xml.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Read the schedule as retrieved. Both 'Psilocin' and 'Fungus (of any kind) which contains psilocin or an ester of psilocin' appear in Schedule 1, the most restricted schedule of the Regulations. Cited here only for the presence of those two entries in that schedule. The licensing consequences of Schedule 1 status are not summarised from this text.
United Nations (1971). Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971: List of Substances in the Schedules. . Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Treaty text retrieved as a PDF from UNODC. Title page and the section headed 'List of Substances in the Schedules' identified.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Read the table headed 'Substances in Schedule I'. It lists 'psilocine, psilotsin' with chemical name 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] indol-4-ol, and 'PSILOCYBINE' with chemical name 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate. The Schedule I list names chemical substances only; no fungus, genus or species appears in it. Entries read directly from the PDF text layer.
United States Congress (2023). Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. 812: Schedules of controlled substances. . Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Section text retrieved from GovInfo as the 2023 edition of the United States Code, title 21, chapter 13, subchapter I, part B, section 812.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
  Read the Schedule I list. Under the hallucinogenic substances heading it gives '(15) Psilocybin' and '(16) Psilocyn'. The statutory schedule names chemical substances; no fungus, genus or species appears in it. Cited for the statutory list only; the separate DEA regulations at 21 CFR 1308.11 were not retrieved, as the eCFR endpoints tried returned 406 and a JavaScript shell.