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Psilocybia / The Index / Species record

The Psilocybe Index / Species account

Psilocybe keralensis

K. A. Thomas, Manim. & Guzmán

Taxonomy: acceptedChemistry: Not yet researchedMolecular data: Not yet researched

Scoped source check. Comprehensive morphology and synonymy remain incomplete. Chemistry, molecular literature, conservation, licensed scientific imagery and occurrence datasets remain unresearched. Locality passages document source collections rather than complete range.

01Overview

Source-checked

This scoped account documents selected morphology and collection context from checked sources. It is not a comprehensive species monograph. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types]

This is a scientific reference record, not field-identification guidance.

02Nomenclature

Accepted name
Psilocybe keralensis
Authority
K. A. Thomas, Manim. & Guzmán
Family
Agrocybaceae
Publication year
2002
Basionym
Not yet researched — verification required
Taxonomic status
accepted
MycoBank identifier
Not yet researched — verification required
Index Fungorum identifier
Not yet researched — verification required
Synonyms (0 recorded names)

No verified synonyms entered. This does not indicate that synonyms do not exist.

Nomenclatural sources: [gbif-5459588-2026] [ramirez-cruz-2013-types] [niskanen-2026]

Research completeness

taxonomy
Human reviewed — J Dale, 2026-09-29

Name and type treatment checked; exhaustive synonymy remains pending. Family classification explicitly reconciled. Original description remains unchecked.

overview
preliminary

Selected passages checked; coverage is incomplete.

description
preliminary

Selected measurements and µm units checked against PDF page images; broader description coverage remains incomplete.

ecology
preliminary

Selected passages checked; coverage is incomplete.

distribution
preliminary

Selected passages checked; coverage is incomplete.

chemistry
not researched

Not researched for this account; no absence claim.

molecular
not researched

Faces of Fungi lists ITS/LSU leads, and discovery located 2016 Chinese and 2024 African comparative studies; systematic source and sequence verification remains pending.

history
preliminary

Selected passages checked; coverage is incomplete.

conservation
not researched

Not researched for this account; no absence claim.

03Taxonomic description

Taxonomic description. These characters are presented for scientific reference and are not intended as field-identification guidance.

Macroscopic characters

Not yet researched

This section has not yet been researched for this account.

Microscopic characters

Source-checked

The isotype revision reports spores 7.2–8.4 × (4.8)5.6–6.4 × 4.8–5.6 µm, with subrhomboid to subhexagonal outlines in frontal view and ellipsoid to elongate outlines in lateral view. These are measurements of the examined type material. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types]

04Distribution and ecology

Source-checked

The type revision lists K. A. Thomas T319a (XAL, isotype), collected at Ponkuzhy, Wayanad District, Kerala, India, on 21 July 1999. Faces of Fungi separately records SDBR-CMUNK0448 from Phibun Mangsahan, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, collected on 4 May 2019 by N. Suwannarach and J. Kumla. These are specimen records, not a complete range. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types] [fof-10681-2026]

Known range
Not yet researched
Countries with documented material
India
Habitats
Not yet researched
Substrates
Not yet researched
Ecological associations
Not yet researched
Seasonality
Not yet researched

Ecological context

Source-checked

The Faces of Fungi treatment records its Thai collection on soil and describes habitat on dung or soil in meadows or open grassland. This later treatment is separate from the Indian isotype revision. [fof-10681-2026]

Occurrence records

2 georeferenced records, shown as 2 distinct positions at this scale. Records carry 2 country codes, 2 of which rest on a single record. Full-precision records are available from the citable source dataset.

Recorded observations are not equivalent to true biological range. Absence of records does not demonstrate absence of a species.

Occurrence provenance & map methods
Licence / retrieval date
CC BY-NC 4.0 / 2026-09-15
Coordinate uncertainty
Reported for 2 of 2 plotted records. Median 4 km; 0 records at 30 m or finer; coarsest 4 km. Points are plotted at source precision, so precision varies by orders of magnitude within this map.
Sensitive records
unreviewed
Countries with georeferenced records
IN (1) · NP (1)

Points are plotted at source precision on an equirectangular projection. Two records falling on the same rendered pixel appear as one mark; the downloadable dataset is not reduced. Records published under names this reference has not reconciled, including synonyms, infraspecific taxa and sequence clusters, are excluded rather than reassigned.

05Chemistry

Measurements belong to studies, specimens and methods. A single concentration cannot stand in for a species.

Published assays · Measurements retain their original methodological context.
Study / yearMaterialMethodRecord
No verified assay records entered. This does not establish that no published assays exist.
Fields retained in each future assay record

Study, publication year, specimen, material, sample size, provenance, analytical method, preparation, storage, psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, aeruginascin, units, qualifiers and methodological notes. No concentrations have been invented for this prototype.

Modern quantitative assays

Not yet researched

Modern analytical studies have not yet been systematically searched and checked for this account.

Evidence assessment

Not yet researched

Chemical literature has not yet been reviewed for this account. No assay values are extracted; this does not establish compound presence or absence.

Assessments depend on material, preparation, storage, sampling and analytical methods. Measurements are literature records, not predictions of effects.

How chemistry records are structured ↗

06Molecular evidence

Not yet researched

This section has not yet been researched for this account.

07History

Source-checked

The name was published in Mycotaxon 83:196 (2002). The original description has not been inspected for this account. The 2013 revision compares the species with section Mexicanae despite its original placement in Cordisporae; that comparison is not a synonymy proposal. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types] [gbif-5459588-2026]

A place for the historical record

This account records the nomenclatural history checked so far. Broader historical research remains pending; interpretations must stay connected to their documentary sources.

Reading the scientific record ↗

08Conservation

Not yet researched

Conservation assessments have not yet been researched for this account.

Assessment status
Not yet researched
Assessment authority / year
Not verified / Not verified

Not researched by Psilocybia, not assessed by a conservation authority, and Least Concern are different states. None should be inferred from another.

09Images & specimens

No verified, licensed scientific images supplied

Space is reserved for field photographs, herbarium specimens, microscopy and historical plates, with source and licence metadata.

Photographs are not presented as sufficient for mushroom identification.

10References

  1. Faces of Fungi (2025). Psilocybe keralensis — Facesoffungi number FoF 10681. . Source record ↗

    Source class: taxonomic database.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-13 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Species treatment inspected: name heading, Thai material SDBR-CMUNK0448, habitat and distribution paragraphs. Page timestamp is 12 September 2025, not collection or journal-publication date. Molecular claims and linked archive sequences have not been verified for extraction.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-13 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Species treatment inspected: name heading, Thai material SDBR-CMUNK0448, habitat and distribution paragraphs. Page timestamp is 12 September 2025, not collection or journal-publication date. Molecular claims and linked archive sequences have not been verified for extraction.

  2. GBIF Secretariat (2026). Psilocybe keralensis — GBIF Backbone Taxonomy record 5459588; checked 13 September 2026. . Source record ↗

    Source class: taxonomic database.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-13 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Cached name-record response inspected: name, authorship, publication, rank, acceptance and family. Underlying interpretation is dated 2023. No fresh retrieval or occurrence-data check claimed.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-13 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Cached name-record response inspected: name, authorship, publication, rank, acceptance and family. Underlying interpretation is dated 2023. No fresh retrieval or occurrence-data check claimed.

  3. GBIF.org (2026). GBIF Occurrence Download: georeferenced records for Psilocybe taxa (download 0000371-260915150036944). . DOI: 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Download record retrieved from the GBIF API. Key 0000371-260915150036944, DOI 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa, status SUCCEEDED, created 2026-09-15, 31,439 records drawn from 294 datasets, SIMPLE_CSV format, licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode. The DOI and the record count were confirmed against the archive held locally rather than assumed from the filename.

    • doi: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      DOI read from the download record returned by the GBIF API and matched to the download key of the archive used to generate the occurrence maps.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      The archive was read row by row to generate the published maps and the per-country counts. 31,208 rows carry usable coordinates and a taxonKey this reference maps to one of its own records; 231 rows fall under synonyms, infraspecific taxa or sequence clusters and are excluded rather than reassigned. Coordinate uncertainty is reported for about 90 per cent of rows, with a median near 7 km and a coarsest value above 5,000 km, so individual points vary enormously in precision. 25 per cent of the country entries derived from this download rest on a single record, and the majority of records are human observations rather than preserved specimens; counts are therefore published alongside every country.

  4. iNaturalist (2026). Psilocybe keralensis — iNaturalist taxon 1227727; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗

    Source class: taxonomic database.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe keralensis with id 1227727, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe keralensis with id 1227727, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.

  5. T. Niskanen; B. Dentinger; A.M. Ainsworth; I. Kytövuori; J.T. Kim; G.W. Griffith; K. Liimatainen (2026). Re-shaping the family-level classification of Agaricineae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) using a phylogenomic approach. Studies in Mycology 113(1), 115–134. DOI: 10.3114/sim.2026.113.03 Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Bibliographic identity inspected; publication year is distinct from retrieval date.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Family treatment Agrocybaceae, Table 1 and classification discussion inspected in the PDF. Effective online date in paper: 1 April 2026; Crossref issue date differs, so the record retains year only.

    • doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      DOI and title matched against the cited bibliographic record; not just resolver availability.

  6. Virginia Ramírez-Cruz; Gaston Guzmán; Laura Guzmán-Dávalos (2013). Type studies of Psilocybe sensu lato (Strophariaceae, Agaricales). Sydowia 65(2), 277–319. Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Bibliographic identity checked against the publication.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Full PDF inspected, with goniospora pp. 291–292 and ovoideocystidiata pp. 302–303 read in detail. No numeric microdimensions transcribed because extracted unit glyphs are unreliable. Qualitative cystidial observations and the type voucher are used.

Claim provenance

Source checks record what was inspected. Publication approval and section review are separate editorial decisions.

Name and publication citation checked; authority spacing normalized.

Fields: taxonomy.canonical_name, taxonomy.accepted_name, taxonomy.genus, taxonomy.specific_epithet, taxonomy.authority, taxonomy.publication_year

Retain species within the primary type treatment, corroborated by GBIF. Comprehensive synonymy remains pending.

Fields: taxonomy.status

Follow the 2026 family treatment.

Fields: taxonomy.family

GBIF retains Hymenogastraceae.

Fields: taxonomy.family

This scoped account documents selected morphology and collection context from checked sources. It is not a comprehensive species monograph.

Fields: overview.text

The isotype revision reports spores 7.2–8.4 × (4.8)5.6–6.4 × 4.8–5.6 µm, with subrhomboid to subhexagonal outlines in frontal view and ellipsoid to elongate outlines in lateral view. These are measurements of the examined type material.

Fields: description.microscopic.text

The Faces of Fungi treatment records its Thai collection on soil and describes habitat on dung or soil in meadows or open grassland. This later treatment is separate from the Indian isotype revision.

Fields: ecology.narrative.text

The type revision lists K. A. Thomas T319a (XAL, isotype), collected at Ponkuzhy, Wayanad District, Kerala, India, on 21 July 1999. Faces of Fungi separately records SDBR-CMUNK0448 from Phibun Mangsahan, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, collected on 4 May 2019 by N. Suwannarach and J. Kumla. These are specimen records, not a complete range.

Fields: distribution.narrative.text

The name was published in Mycotaxon 83:196 (2002). The original description has not been inspected for this account. The 2013 revision compares the species with section Mexicanae despite its original placement in Cordisporae; that comparison is not a synonymy proposal.

Fields: history.text

2 georeferenced records for this name in the cited GBIF download, plotted as 2 distinct positions and spanning 2 country codes, of which 2 rest on a single record. These are record locations, not a compiled range: no range has been researched for this account.

Fields: distribution.occurrence

Database identifiers for this species, recorded so a reader can retrieve the same records. The GBIF backbone still places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae, whereas this site follows the 2026 family revision and treats the genus in Agrocybaceae; citing the identifier is not an endorsement of that placement.

Fields: distribution.gbif_taxon_id, distribution.inaturalist_taxon_id

Country of the type material as recorded in the type study. No range statement was located, so the known range is left unresearched.

Fields: distribution.countries

Conflicting evidence

Resolved: taxonomy.family

GBIF retains an older family classification.

Adopt Niskanen et al. (2026), which includes Psilocybe in Agrocybaceae; use GBIF only to corroborate nomenclature and species acceptance. — Psilocybia editorial, 2026-09-13