An independent scientific referenceTaxonomy · Evidence · Context
PSILOCYBIAA monograph for the digital age.
Research edition Accounts distinguish source checks from human review. Research coverage is incomplete. Read our standards

Psilocybia / The Index / Species record

The Psilocybe Index / Species account

Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata

Guzmán & Gaines

Taxonomy: acceptedChemistry: Limited quantitative evidenceMolecular data: Source-checked

Selected scientific sources researched and checked by the Psilocybia editorial process. This account is incomplete; section notes define its scope. Quantitative records describe source material, never an expected species concentration.

01Overview

Source-checked

This account combines the original description, a later examination of the holotype, published DNA-marker records and a quantitative study of three collections. [guzman-2007-ovoideocystidiata] [ramirez-cruz-2013-types] [borovicka-2012] [gotvaldova-2022]

This is a scientific reference record, not field-identification guidance.

02Nomenclature

Accepted name
Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata
Authority
Guzmán & Gaines
Family
Agrocybaceae
Publication year
2007
Basionym
Not yet researched — verification required
Taxonomic status
accepted
MycoBank identifier
Not yet researched — verification required
Index Fungorum identifier
530371
Synonyms (0 recorded names)

No verified synonyms entered. This does not indicate that synonyms do not exist.

Nomenclatural sources: [index-fungorum-530371-2026] [ramirez-cruz-2013-types] [niskanen-2026]

Research completeness

taxonomy
Human reviewed — J Dale, 2026-09-29

Core name and selected treatment checked. Exhaustive synonymy and current MycoBank database verification remain pending.

overview
preliminary

Introduction to this scoped account.

description
preliminary

Selected primary descriptions or type observations checked. Not a comprehensive modern redescription.

ecology
preliminary

Published habitat context only; no exhaustive ecological synthesis.

distribution
preliminary

Source-backed locations only. No complete range assessment or occurrence dataset.

chemistry
preliminary

Selected studies only; further assay discovery and synthesis remain pending.

molecular
preliminary

Published sequence evidence only; no independent sequence analysis.

history
preliminary

Nomenclatural history only; broader historical synthesis remains pending.

conservation
not researched

Conservation assessments have not yet been researched.

03Taxonomic description

Taxonomic description. These characters are presented for scientific reference and are not intended as field-identification guidance.

Macroscopic characters

Source-checked

The protologue records caps (10–)15–25(–45) mm across, convex or slightly umbonate and changing colour as they dry. The stem bears a white membranous ring that disappears with age, and the context can blue. [guzman-2007-ovoideocystidiata]

Microscopic characters

Source-checked

The holotype study describes angular spores in face view and two kinds of pleurocystidia: colourless leptocystidia and cells with coloured inclusions termed deuterocystidia. The inclusions did not react to Patent blue V, so the authors rejected a chrysocystidial interpretation. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types]

04Distribution and ecology

Source-checked

The type study documents Pennsylvania material; the chemistry supplement lists Maryland, Virginia and Kentucky collections. These records support specific localities, not an exhaustive North American range. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types] [gotvaldova-2022]

Known range
Not yet researched
Countries with documented material
United States
Habitats
Not yet researched
Substrates
Not yet researched
Ecological associations
Not yet researched
Seasonality
Not yet researched

Ecological context

Source-checked

Index Fungorum associates the name’s Pennsylvania material with wood or woody debris in deciduous forest. This is the documented substrate context, not a complete ecological assessment. [index-fungorum-530371-2026]

Occurrence records

2,123 georeferenced records, shown as 1,008 distinct positions at this scale. Records carry 4 country codes, 2 of which rest on a single record. Full-precision records are available from the citable source dataset.

Recorded observations are not equivalent to true biological range. Absence of records does not demonstrate absence of a species.

Occurrence provenance & map methods
Licence / retrieval date
CC BY-NC 4.0 / 2026-09-15
Coordinate uncertainty
Reported for 1,807 of 2,123 plotted records. Median 19 km; 285 records at 30 m or finer; coarsest 2754 km. Points are plotted at source precision, so precision varies by orders of magnitude within this map.
Sensitive records
unreviewed
Countries with georeferenced records
US (2,117) · CH (4) · JP (1) · RU (1)

Points are plotted at source precision on an equirectangular projection. Two records falling on the same rendered pixel appear as one mark; the downloadable dataset is not reduced. Records published under names this reference has not reconciled, including synonyms, infraspecific taxa and sequence clusters, are excluded rather than reassigned.

05Chemistry

Measurements belong to studies, specimens and methods. A single concentration cannot stand in for a species.

Published assays · Measurements retain their original methodological context.
Study / yearMaterialMethodRecord
Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids / 2022Dried fruiting bodiesUHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring)Details ↓
gotvaldova-2022-ovoideocystidiata-table-1 — specimen, methods & measurements
Source location
Table 1, Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
Verification
Source checked; see evidence trail
Measurement basis
dry mass
Specimen
Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata as identified in the source; whole fruiting bodies.
Material
Dried fruiting bodies
Sample size
8
Sample counting basis
8 fruiting bodies (fb) from 3 collections (n), as defined by Table 1.
Provenance
Source collection origins retained below; not a distribution survey.
Analytical method
UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring)
Preparation
Dried, homogenized fruiting bodies; acidified methanol extraction and re-extraction (section 3.3).
Storage
Dried material kept in darkness at 20 °C (section 3.2). Collection and analysis dates are retained below; exact storage durations are not inferred.
psilocybin
0.914–7.172 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
psilocin
0.026–5.464 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
baeocystin
0.164–0.699 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
norbaeocystin
0.031–0.568 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
aeruginascin
0.004–0.013 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.

Collections in the source

Dates retain the precision reported by the study. These collections underlie the aggregate ranges; individual concentrations have not been inferred.

PS-20 · Maryland, USA
Collected
01.12.2015
Analysed
May 2016
Voucher
(PRM 934866)
GenBank accession
Not provided in the source table

Voucher parentheses retained as printed; GenBank n.a. is not an accession.

PS-30 · Virginia, USA
Collected
25.05.2016
Analysed
Sep. 2017
Voucher
PRM 945683
GenBank accession
Not provided in the source table

GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.

PS-58 · Kentucky, USA
Collected
06.03.2017
Analysed
April 2018
Voucher
PRM 946476
GenBank accession
Not provided in the source table

GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.

Aggregate dry-mass ranges retained. Individual concentrations are not assigned to collections.

Read source record

Modern quantitative assays

Source-checked

Gotvaldová and colleagues used UHPLC–MS/MS for five tryptamine alkaloids. Collection and storage context is retained with each extracted table group. [gotvaldova-2022]

Evidence assessment

Source-checked

One quantitative study is extracted, covering eight fruiting bodies from three collections. The category describes this account’s limited coverage, not an exhaustive literature assessment. [gotvaldova-2022]

Assessments depend on material, preparation, storage, sampling and analytical methods. Measurements are literature records, not predictions of effects.

How chemistry records are structured ↗

06Molecular evidence

Source-checked

The 2012 study lists four ITS sequences for material identified as this species: HE994451–HE994454, each linked to an SFSU collection. These are published identifications; sequence files have not been independently reanalysed. [borovicka-2012]

07History

Source-checked

The name was published in 2007. A later type examination identifies the holotype as R. V. Gaines 51-b (XAL), collected in Pennsylvania on 5 June 2005. [index-fungorum-530371-2026] [ramirez-cruz-2013-types]

A place for the historical record

This account records the nomenclatural history checked so far. Broader historical research remains pending; interpretations must stay connected to their documentary sources.

Reading the scientific record ↗

08Conservation

Not yet researched

Conservation assessments have not yet been researched for this account.

Assessment status
Not yet researched
Assessment authority / year
Not verified / Not verified

Not researched by Psilocybia, not assessed by a conservation authority, and Least Concern are different states. None should be inferred from another.

09Images & specimens

No verified, licensed scientific images supplied

Space is reserved for field photographs, herbarium specimens, microscopy and historical plates, with source and licence metadata.

Photographs are not presented as sufficient for mushroom identification.

10References

  1. J. Borovička; A. Rockefeller; P.G. Werner (2012). Psilocybe allenii – a new bluing species from the Pacific Coast, USA. Czech Mycology 64(2), 181–195. DOI: 10.33585/cmy.64207 Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Bibliographic identity inspected; publication year is distinct from retrieval date.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      P. cyanescens comparisons and epitype treatment on p. 193. The description of P. allenii is not reused as a P. cyanescens description.

    • doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      DOI and title matched against the cited bibliographic record; not just resolver availability.

  2. GBIF Secretariat (2026). Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata — GBIF Backbone Taxonomy record 5459336; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗

    Source class: taxonomic database.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Backbone name record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: the strict name-match endpoint returned usageKey 5459336 as an EXACT, ACCEPTED species match, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and acceptance. The record places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae; that placement is not adopted here.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Backbone name record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: the strict name-match endpoint returned usageKey 5459336 as an EXACT, ACCEPTED species match, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and acceptance. The record places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae; that placement is not adopted here.

  3. GBIF.org (2026). GBIF Occurrence Download: georeferenced records for Psilocybe taxa (download 0000371-260915150036944). . DOI: 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Download record retrieved from the GBIF API. Key 0000371-260915150036944, DOI 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa, status SUCCEEDED, created 2026-09-15, 31,439 records drawn from 294 datasets, SIMPLE_CSV format, licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode. The DOI and the record count were confirmed against the archive held locally rather than assumed from the filename.

    • doi: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      DOI read from the download record returned by the GBIF API and matched to the download key of the archive used to generate the occurrence maps.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      The archive was read row by row to generate the published maps and the per-country counts. 31,208 rows carry usable coordinates and a taxonKey this reference maps to one of its own records; 231 rows fall under synonyms, infraspecific taxa or sequence clusters and are excluded rather than reassigned. Coordinate uncertainty is reported for about 90 per cent of rows, with a median near 7 km and a coarsest value above 5,000 km, so individual points vary enormously in precision. 25 per cent of the country entries derived from this download rest on a single record, and the majority of records are human observations rather than preserved specimens; counts are therefore published alongside every country.

  4. Klára Gotvaldová; Jan Borovička; Kateřina Hájková; Petra Cihlářová; Alan Rockefeller; Martin Kuchař (2022). Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23(22), 14068. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214068 Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Authors, title, year, volume, issue and article number match the article XML.

    • doi: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      DOI in PubMed matches article-id in the primary article XML; this is an identity cross-check, not just syntax validation.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Read Table 1 and its footnote, and sections 3.1, 3.3 and 3.4 in the full-text XML. Supplementary Table S1 has not yet been extracted.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Rechecked Table 1, sections 3.2–3.4, and Supplementary Table S1 (13 collections in this batch). Corrected pilot locator: collection/storage is section 3.2, not 3.1. Original aggregate ranges verified against XML.

  5. Gastón Guzmán; Richard V. Gaines; Florencia Ramírez-Guillén (2007). New Species of Hallucinogenic Psilocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. (Agaricomycetideae) from the Eastern U.S.A.. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 9(1), 75–77. DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v9.i1.90 Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Bibliographic identity checked against the publication.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Original article inspected through web PDF retrieval, especially p. 76 description. Direct curl retrieval returned 403; no downloaded-byte hash claimed. Selected macroscopic features extracted; the later type study is cited separately for microscopy.

    • doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      DOI, title, authors and journal matched to Crossref metadata and the publication.

  6. iNaturalist (2026). Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata — iNaturalist taxon 348835; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗

    Source class: taxonomic database.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata with id 348835, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata with id 348835, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.

  7. Index Fungorum (2026). Index Fungorum name record 530371: Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata. . Source record ↗

    Source class: taxonomic database.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Record identity checked. Bibliographic year denotes access, not nomenclatural publication.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Name record read through web retrieval. Name, authorship, publication and current-name assertion checked. For 321950 the year is 1969 [1968]; for 515724 the current name is arcana at species rank. This is a dated database assertion, not independent peer review.

  8. T. Niskanen; B. Dentinger; A.M. Ainsworth; I. Kytövuori; J.T. Kim; G.W. Griffith; K. Liimatainen (2026). Re-shaping the family-level classification of Agaricineae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) using a phylogenomic approach. Studies in Mycology 113(1), 115–134. DOI: 10.3114/sim.2026.113.03 Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Bibliographic identity inspected; publication year is distinct from retrieval date.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Family treatment Agrocybaceae, Table 1 and classification discussion inspected in the PDF. Effective online date in paper: 1 April 2026; Crossref issue date differs, so the record retains year only.

    • doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      DOI and title matched against the cited bibliographic record; not just resolver availability.

  9. Virginia Ramírez-Cruz; Gaston Guzmán; Laura Guzmán-Dávalos (2013). Type studies of Psilocybe sensu lato (Strophariaceae, Agaricales). Sydowia 65(2), 277–319. Source record ↗

    Source class: primary.

    Source verification history
    • metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Bibliographic identity checked against the publication.

    • content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source

      Full PDF inspected, with goniospora pp. 291–292 and ovoideocystidiata pp. 302–303 read in detail. No numeric microdimensions transcribed because extracted unit glyphs are unreliable. Qualitative cystidial observations and the type voucher are used.

Claim provenance

Source checks record what was inspected. Publication approval and section review are separate editorial decisions.

Core name and adopted species treatment; full synonymy is not claimed.

Fields: taxonomy.canonical_name, taxonomy.accepted_name, taxonomy.genus, taxonomy.specific_epithet, taxonomy.authority, taxonomy.publication_year, taxonomy.status, taxonomy.index_fungorum_id

Agrocybaceae follows the 2026 family revision.

Fields: taxonomy.family

This account combines the original description, a later examination of the holotype, published DNA-marker records and a quantitative study of three collections.

Fields: overview.text

The protologue records caps (10–)15–25(–45) mm across, convex or slightly umbonate and changing colour as they dry. The stem bears a white membranous ring that disappears with age, and the context can blue.

Fields: description.macroscopic.text

The holotype study describes angular spores in face view and two kinds of pleurocystidia: colourless leptocystidia and cells with coloured inclusions termed deuterocystidia. The inclusions did not react to Patent blue V, so the authors rejected a chrysocystidial interpretation.

Fields: description.microscopic.text

Index Fungorum associates the name’s Pennsylvania material with wood or woody debris in deciduous forest. This is the documented substrate context, not a complete ecological assessment.

Fields: ecology.narrative.text

The type study documents Pennsylvania material; the chemistry supplement lists Maryland, Virginia and Kentucky collections. These records support specific localities, not an exhaustive North American range.

Fields: distribution.narrative.text

The 2012 study lists four ITS sequences for material identified as this species: HE994451–HE994454, each linked to an SFSU collection. These are published identifications; sequence files have not been independently reanalysed.

Fields: molecular.text

The name was published in 2007. A later type examination identifies the holotype as R. V. Gaines 51-b (XAL), collected in Pennsylvania on 5 June 2005.

Fields: history.text

Preserved source group Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata with sample counts, ranges and collection context.

Fields: chemistry.assays.0

One quantitative study is extracted, covering eight fruiting bodies from three collections. The category describes this account’s limited coverage, not an exhaustive literature assessment.

Fields: chemistry.summary.text, chemistry.evidence_status

Gotvaldová and colleagues used UHPLC–MS/MS for five tryptamine alkaloids. Collection and storage context is retained with each extracted table group.

Fields: chemistry.modern_assay.text

2,123 georeferenced records for this name in the cited GBIF download, plotted as 1,008 distinct positions and spanning 4 country codes, of which 2 rest on a single record. These are record locations, not a compiled range: no range has been researched for this account.

Fields: distribution.occurrence

Database identifiers for this species, recorded so a reader can retrieve the same records. The GBIF backbone still places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae, whereas this site follows the 2026 family revision and treats the genus in Agrocybaceae; citing the identifier is not an endorsement of that placement.

Fields: distribution.gbif_taxon_id, distribution.inaturalist_taxon_id

Country of the type material as recorded in the type study. No range statement was located, so the known range is left unresearched.

Fields: distribution.countries