01Overview
This account adopts the broad serbica treatment of the 2011 molecular revision, including arcana, bohemica and moravica below species rank. The database disagreement is retained, and chemistry remains separated by the study’s original labels. [borovicka-2011] [index-fungorum-515724-2026] [gotvaldova-2022]
This is a scientific reference record, not field-identification guidance.
02Nomenclature
- Accepted name
- Psilocybe serbica
- Authority
- M.M. Moser & E. Horak
- Family
- Agrocybaceae
- Publication year
- 1969
- Basionym
- Not yet researched — verification required
- Taxonomic status
- accepted
- MycoBank identifier
- Not yet researched — verification required
- Index Fungorum identifier
- 321950
Synonyms (3 recorded names)
- Psilocybe arcana Borov. & Hlaváček
- Psilocybe bohemica Šebek ex Šebek
- Psilocybe moravica Borov.
Nomenclatural sources: [index-fungorum-321950-2026] [borovicka-2011] [niskanen-2026] [index-fungorum-515724-2026]
Research completeness
- taxonomy
- Human reviewed — J Dale, 2026-09-29
Core name and selected treatment checked. Exhaustive synonymy and current MycoBank database verification remain pending. The rank conflict is resolved only as a documented editorial choice. Species publication uses 1969 [1968]. Original serbica protologue and genome-scale testing of the merged forms remain pending.
- overview
- preliminary
Introduction to this scoped account.
- description
- preliminary
Selected primary descriptions or type observations checked. Not a comprehensive modern redescription.
- ecology
- preliminary
Published habitat context only; no exhaustive ecological synthesis.
- distribution
- preliminary
Source-backed locations only. No complete range assessment or occurrence dataset.
- chemistry
- preliminary
Selected studies only; further assay discovery and synthesis remain pending.
- molecular
- preliminary
Published sequence evidence only; no independent sequence analysis.
- history
- preliminary
Nomenclatural history only; broader historical synthesis remains pending.
- conservation
- not researched
Conservation assessments have not yet been researched.
03Taxonomic description
Taxonomic description. These characters are presented for scientific reference and are not intended as field-identification guidance.
Macroscopic characters
The 2011 revision describes substantial variation in size, cap shape and colour among the merged forms. Earlier narrow descriptions therefore do not define every specimen within the broader treatment. [borovicka-2011]
Microscopic characters
Borovička’s examination of serbica type material found frequent pleurocystidia, despite contradictory statements in the original description as quoted there. The later broad treatment encompasses variable cystidial form and spore size. [borovicka-2008] [borovicka-2011]
04Distribution and ecology
The molecular study includes a Croatian serbica collection and Czech material under the names later reduced in rank. The assay supplement adds material from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Germany. These are sampled localities, not a complete distribution. [borovicka-2011] [gotvaldova-2022]
- Known range
- Described from Serbia; herbarium collections also studied from Austria, Croatia and the Czech Republic (Moravia)
- Countries with documented material
- Serbia, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic
- Habitats
- Not yet researched
- Substrates
- Not yet researched
- Ecological associations
- Not yet researched
- Seasonality
- Examined collections were found in September and October.
Ecological context
The cited revision studies the wood-rotting European group. Its serbica concept combines forms previously distinguished partly by ecological and seasonal characters; a single substrate or fruiting calendar would conceal that variation. [borovicka-2011]
Occurrence records
Recorded observations are not equivalent to true biological range. Absence of records does not demonstrate absence of a species.
Occurrence provenance & map methods
- Licence / retrieval date
- CC BY-NC 4.0 / 2026-09-15
- Coordinate uncertainty
- Reported for 383 of 407 plotted records. Median 7 km; 49 records at 30 m or finer; coarsest 1086 km. Points are plotted at source precision, so precision varies by orders of magnitude within this map.
- Sensitive records
- unreviewed
- Countries with georeferenced records
- CZ (75) · IT (73) · RS (71) · AT (27) · DE (25) · SK (24) · XK (20) · BA (19) · HR (14) · HU (13) · ME (9) · MK (8) · GR (7) · SI (7) · ES (4) · MA (4) · RO (2) · US (2) · DZ (1) · FR (1) · PL (1)
Points are plotted at source precision on an equirectangular projection. Two records falling on the same rendered pixel appear as one mark; the downloadable dataset is not reduced. Records published under names this reference has not reconciled, including synonyms, infraspecific taxa and sequence clusters, are excluded rather than reassigned.
05Chemistry
Measurements belong to studies, specimens and methods. A single concentration cannot stand in for a species.
| Study / year | Material | Method | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids / 2022 | Dried fruiting bodies | UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring) | Details ↓ |
| Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids / 2022 | Dried fruiting bodies | UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring) | Details ↓ |
| Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids / 2022 | Dried fruiting bodies | UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring) | Details ↓ |
| Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids / 2022 | Dried fruiting bodies | UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring) | Details ↓ |
gotvaldova-2022-serbica-table-1 — specimen, methods & measurements
- Source location
- Table 1, Psilocybe serbica row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
- Verification
- Source checked; see evidence trail
- Measurement basis
- dry mass
- Specimen
- Psilocybe serbica as identified in the source; whole fruiting bodies.
- Material
- Dried fruiting bodies
- Sample size
- 5
- Sample counting basis
- 5 fruiting bodies (fb) from 1 collections (n), as defined by Table 1.
- Provenance
- Source collection origins retained below; not a distribution survey.
- Analytical method
- UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring)
- Preparation
- Dried, homogenized fruiting bodies; acidified methanol extraction and re-extraction (section 3.3).
- Storage
- Dried material kept in darkness at 20 °C (section 3.2). Collection and analysis dates are retained below; exact storage durations are not inferred.
- psilocybin
- 1.562–3.957 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- psilocin
- 0.215–3.81 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- baeocystin
- 1.748–3.385 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- norbaeocystin
- 1.01–1.946 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- aeruginascin
- not reported — Source cell is an em dash (—); no concentration or non-detection inferred.
Collections in the source
Dates retain the precision reported by the study. These collections underlie the aggregate ranges; individual concentrations have not been inferred.
PS-12 · Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Collected
- 27.10.2015
- Analysed
- May 2016
- Voucher
- PRM 934969
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
Original table grouping and dry-mass ranges retained. Not pooled across varieties. Rounded 0.000 endpoints are retained as reported; they do not demonstrate compound absence. A dash is not treated as non-detection.
Read source recordgotvaldova-2022-serbica-arcana-table-1 — specimen, methods & measurements
- Source location
- Table 1, Psilocybe serbica var. arcana row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
- Verification
- Source checked; see evidence trail
- Measurement basis
- dry mass
- Specimen
- Psilocybe serbica var. arcana as identified in the source; whole fruiting bodies.
- Material
- Dried fruiting bodies
- Sample size
- 54
- Sample counting basis
- 54 fruiting bodies (fb) from 18 collections (n), as defined by Table 1.
- Provenance
- Source collection origins retained below; not a distribution survey.
- Analytical method
- UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring)
- Preparation
- Dried, homogenized fruiting bodies; acidified methanol extraction and re-extraction (section 3.3).
- Storage
- Dried material kept in darkness at 20 °C (section 3.2). Collection and analysis dates are retained below; exact storage durations are not inferred.
- psilocybin
- 0.002–8.878 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- psilocin
- 0.412–7.922 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- baeocystin
- 0–2.237 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- norbaeocystin
- 0–0.794 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- aeruginascin
- 0–0.024 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
Collections in the source
Dates retain the precision reported by the study. These collections underlie the aggregate ranges; individual concentrations have not been inferred.
PS-11 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 27.10.2015
- Analysed
- May 2016
- Voucher
- PRM 934861
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
PS-70 · Germany
- Collected
- 14.11.2018
- Analysed
- April 2019
- Voucher
- PRM 952111
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
L-05 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 08.11.2015
- Analysed
- May 2016
- Voucher
- PRM 952706
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
L-06 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 17.10.2015
- Analysed
- May 2016
- Voucher
- PRM 952707
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
L-07 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 24.10.2015
- Analysed
- May 2016
- Voucher
- PRM 952708
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
L-13 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- May 2014
- Analysed
- May 2016
- Voucher
- Not reported
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
Source dash means voucher not supplied; GenBank n.a. is not an accession.
H-03 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 26.10.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 952691
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-04 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 27.10.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 934295
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-05 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 28.10.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 952692
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-06 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 28.10.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 952693
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-07 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 28.10.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 952694
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-08 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 28.10.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 952695
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-09 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 30.10.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 952696
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-10 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 04.11.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 952705
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-11 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 04.11.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 952705
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-15 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 28.10.2016
- Analysed
- April 2018
- Voucher
- PRM 952699
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-16 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 04.11.2016
- Analysed
- April 2018
- Voucher
- PRM 952700
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-17 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 04.11.2016
- Analysed
- April 2018
- Voucher
- PRM 952701
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
Original table grouping and dry-mass ranges retained. Not pooled across varieties. Rounded 0.000 endpoints are retained as reported; they do not demonstrate compound absence. A dash is not treated as non-detection.
Read source recordgotvaldova-2022-serbica-bohemica-table-1 — specimen, methods & measurements
- Source location
- Table 1, Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
- Verification
- Source checked; see evidence trail
- Measurement basis
- dry mass
- Specimen
- Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica as identified in the source; whole fruiting bodies.
- Material
- Dried fruiting bodies
- Sample size
- 20
- Sample counting basis
- 20 fruiting bodies (fb) from 8 collections (n), as defined by Table 1.
- Provenance
- Source collection origins retained below; not a distribution survey.
- Analytical method
- UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring)
- Preparation
- Dried, homogenized fruiting bodies; acidified methanol extraction and re-extraction (section 3.3).
- Storage
- Dried material kept in darkness at 20 °C (section 3.2). Collection and analysis dates are retained below; exact storage durations are not inferred.
- psilocybin
- 1.553–15.543 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- psilocin
- 0.027–2.485 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- baeocystin
- 0.234–2.473 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- norbaeocystin
- 0.173–1.282 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- aeruginascin
- 0.008–0.093 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
Collections in the source
Dates retain the precision reported by the study. These collections underlie the aggregate ranges; individual concentrations have not been inferred.
PS-09 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 08.11.2015
- Analysed
- May 2016
- Voucher
- (PRM 923899)
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
Voucher parentheses retained as printed; GenBank n.a. is not an accession.
PS-23 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 05.11.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- Not reported
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
Source dash means voucher not supplied; GenBank n.a. is not an accession.
PS-63 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 17.11.2018
- Analysed
- April 2019
- Voucher
- Not reported
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
Source dash means voucher not supplied; GenBank n.a. is not an accession.
PS-64 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 18.11.2018
- Analysed
- April 2019
- Voucher
- PRM 951316
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-12 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 23.12.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- PRM 946005
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-18 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 04.11.2016
- Analysed
- April 2018
- Voucher
- PRM 952702
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
GenBank column is n.a. in Table S1.
H-22 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 05.12.2017
- Analysed
- April 2018
- Voucher
- Not reported
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
Source dash means voucher not supplied; GenBank n.a. is not an accession.
H-23 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 06.12.2017
- Analysed
- April 2018
- Voucher
- Not reported
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
Source dash means voucher not supplied; GenBank n.a. is not an accession.
Original table grouping and dry-mass ranges retained. Not pooled across varieties. Rounded 0.000 endpoints are retained as reported; they do not demonstrate compound absence. A dash is not treated as non-detection.
Read source recordgotvaldova-2022-serbica-moravica-table-1 — specimen, methods & measurements
- Source location
- Table 1, Psilocybe serbica var. moravica row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
- Verification
- Source checked; see evidence trail
- Measurement basis
- dry mass
- Specimen
- Psilocybe serbica var. moravica as identified in the source; whole fruiting bodies.
- Material
- Dried fruiting bodies
- Sample size
- 6
- Sample counting basis
- 6 fruiting bodies (fb) from 1 collections (n), as defined by Table 1.
- Provenance
- Source collection origins retained below; not a distribution survey.
- Analytical method
- UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring)
- Preparation
- Dried, homogenized fruiting bodies; acidified methanol extraction and re-extraction (section 3.3).
- Storage
- Dried material kept in darkness at 20 °C (section 3.2). Collection and analysis dates are retained below; exact storage durations are not inferred.
- psilocybin
- 5.655–14.158 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- psilocin
- 0.061–0.386 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- baeocystin
- 0.293–0.822 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- norbaeocystin
- 0.453–2.012 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
- aeruginascin
- 0.053–0.249 mg/g (range) — Aggregate dry-mass range as printed.
Collections in the source
Dates retain the precision reported by the study. These collections underlie the aggregate ranges; individual concentrations have not been inferred.
PS-26 · Czech Republic
- Collected
- 31.10.2016
- Analysed
- Sep. 2017
- Voucher
- (PRM 860954)
- GenBank accession
- Not provided in the source table
Voucher parentheses retained as printed; GenBank n.a. is not an accession.
Original table grouping and dry-mass ranges retained. Not pooled across varieties. Rounded 0.000 endpoints are retained as reported; they do not demonstrate compound absence. A dash is not treated as non-detection.
Read source recordModern quantitative assays
Gotvaldová and colleagues used UHPLC–MS/MS for five tryptamine alkaloids. Collection and storage context is retained with each extracted table group. [gotvaldova-2022]
Evidence assessment
One study provides four separately reported groups: serbica without a variety assignment, and varieties arcana, bohemica and moravica. Their counts, ranges and collection records remain separate. [gotvaldova-2022]
Assessments depend on material, preparation, storage, sampling and analytical methods. Measurements are literature records, not predictions of effects.
How chemistry records are structured ↗06Molecular evidence
The 2011 study found no differences among its serbica-group samples in ITS, LSU and EF1α. It could not obtain DNA from the serbica paratype and used Croatian collection PRM 903176 as a morphological match. That sampling limitation matters when interpreting the merged species concept. [borovicka-2011]
07History
Index Fungorum dates publication to 1969, with 1968 as the printed volume year. The later molecular revision appeared online in 2010 and in the 2011 issue; it proposed the combinations serbica var. arcana, var. bohemica and var. moravica. [index-fungorum-321950-2026] [borovicka-2011]
A place for the historical record
This account records the nomenclatural history checked so far. Broader historical research remains pending; interpretations must stay connected to their documentary sources.
08Conservation
Conservation assessments have not yet been researched for this account.
- Assessment status
- Not yet researched
- Assessment authority / year
- Not verified / Not verified
Not researched by Psilocybia, not assessed by a conservation authority, and Least Concern are different states. None should be inferred from another.
09Images & specimens
Space is reserved for field photographs, herbarium specimens, microscopy and historical plates, with source and licence metadata.
Photographs are not presented as sufficient for mushroom identification.
10References
- Jan Borovička (2008). The wood-rotting bluing Psilocybe species in Central Europe — an identification key. Czech Mycology 60(2), 173–192. DOI: 10.33585/cmy.60202 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
PDF, publisher page and Crossref agree on title, author, volume and pages. Citation follows the printed 2008 volume year. Publisher page reports actual release 27 February 2009; Crossref gives 27 February 2008. This discrepancy is retained, not resolved by assumption.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Full PDF inspected, especially key pp. 176–177 and treatments pp. 180, 183. Morphological observations are not a current field-identification guide. Species concepts predate the 2011 molecular revision.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI, title, authors and journal matched to Crossref metadata and the publication.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Jan Borovička; Machiel E. Noordeloos; Milan Gryndler; Miroslav Oborník (2011). Molecular phylogeny of Psilocybe cyanescens complex in Europe, with reference to the position of the secotioid Weraroa novae-zelandiae. Mycological Progress 10(2), 149–155. DOI: 10.1007/s11557-010-0684-3 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Title, four authors, DOI and pages matched to Crossref. Issue year 2011; online publication 8 June 2010. Neither date is presented as a new 2026 revision.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Full PDF inspected: sampling limitation p. 150; Table 1 p. 151; results and rank changes pp. 152–153. Failed serbica paratype sequencing is retained. Database disagreement on arcana rank is recorded in the account.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI, title, authors and journal matched to Crossref metadata and the publication.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- GBIF Secretariat (2026). Psilocybe serbica — GBIF Backbone Taxonomy record 5459251; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Backbone name record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: the strict name-match endpoint returned usageKey 5459251 as an EXACT, ACCEPTED species match, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and acceptance. The record places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae; that placement is not adopted here.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Backbone name record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: the strict name-match endpoint returned usageKey 5459251 as an EXACT, ACCEPTED species match, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and acceptance. The record places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae; that placement is not adopted here.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- GBIF.org (2026). GBIF Occurrence Download: georeferenced records for Psilocybe taxa (download 0000371-260915150036944). . DOI: 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Download record retrieved from the GBIF API. Key 0000371-260915150036944, DOI 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa, status SUCCEEDED, created 2026-09-15, 31,439 records drawn from 294 datasets, SIMPLE_CSV format, licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode. The DOI and the record count were confirmed against the archive held locally rather than assumed from the filename.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI read from the download record returned by the GBIF API and matched to the download key of the archive used to generate the occurrence maps.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
The archive was read row by row to generate the published maps and the per-country counts. 31,208 rows carry usable coordinates and a taxonKey this reference maps to one of its own records; 231 rows fall under synonyms, infraspecific taxa or sequence clusters and are excluded rather than reassigned. Coordinate uncertainty is reported for about 90 per cent of rows, with a median near 7 km and a coarsest value above 5,000 km, so individual points vary enormously in precision. 25 per cent of the country entries derived from this download rest on a single record, and the majority of records are human observations rather than preserved specimens; counts are therefore published alongside every country.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Klára Gotvaldová; Jan Borovička; Kateřina Hájková; Petra Cihlářová; Alan Rockefeller; Martin Kuchař (2022). Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23(22), 14068. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214068 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Authors, title, year, volume, issue and article number match the article XML.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI in PubMed matches article-id in the primary article XML; this is an identity cross-check, not just syntax validation.
- content: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Read Table 1 and its footnote, and sections 3.1, 3.3 and 3.4 in the full-text XML. Supplementary Table S1 has not yet been extracted.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Rechecked Table 1, sections 3.2–3.4, and Supplementary Table S1 (13 collections in this batch). Corrected pilot locator: collection/storage is section 3.2, not 3.1. Original aggregate ranges verified against XML.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- iNaturalist (2026). Psilocybe serbica — iNaturalist taxon 518938; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe serbica with id 518938, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe serbica with id 518938, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Index Fungorum (2026). Index Fungorum name record 321950: Psilocybe serbica. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Record identity checked. Bibliographic year denotes access, not nomenclatural publication.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Name record read through web retrieval. Name, authorship, publication and current-name assertion checked. For 321950 the year is 1969 [1968]; for 515724 the current name is arcana at species rank. This is a dated database assertion, not independent peer review.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Index Fungorum (2026). Index Fungorum name record 515724: Psilocybe serbica var. arcana. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Record identity checked. Bibliographic year denotes access, not nomenclatural publication.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Name record read through web retrieval. Name, authorship, publication and current-name assertion checked. For 321950 the year is 1969 [1968]; for 515724 the current name is arcana at species rank. This is a dated database assertion, not independent peer review.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- T. Niskanen; B. Dentinger; A.M. Ainsworth; I. Kytövuori; J.T. Kim; G.W. Griffith; K. Liimatainen (2026). Re-shaping the family-level classification of Agaricineae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) using a phylogenomic approach. Studies in Mycology 113(1), 115–134. DOI: 10.3114/sim.2026.113.03 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Bibliographic identity inspected; publication year is distinct from retrieval date.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Family treatment Agrocybaceae, Table 1 and classification discussion inspected in the PDF. Effective online date in paper: 1 April 2026; Crossref issue date differs, so the record retains year only.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI and title matched against the cited bibliographic record; not just resolver availability.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Claim provenance
Source checks record what was inspected. Publication approval and section review are separate editorial decisions.
Core name and adopted species treatment; full synonymy is not claimed.
Fields: taxonomy.canonical_name, taxonomy.accepted_name, taxonomy.genus, taxonomy.specific_epithet, taxonomy.authority, taxonomy.publication_year, taxonomy.status, taxonomy.index_fungorum_id
- index-fungorum-321950-2026 — Name and current-name fields; year 1969 [1968]
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- borovicka-2011 — Results and taxonomic changes pp. 152–153
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Agrocybaceae follows the 2026 family revision.
Fields: taxonomy.family
- niskanen-2026 — Table 1 and Agrocybaceae treatment
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The 2011 revision reduces arcana, bohemica and moravica below species rank under serbica. This is the treatment adopted here, not unanimous database practice.
Fields: taxonomy.synonyms
- borovicka-2011 — p. 153, taxonomic changes
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Index Fungorum’s var. arcana record instead links to Psilocybe arcana as the current name at species rank.
Fields: taxonomy.synonyms
- index-fungorum-515724-2026 — Current-name field
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
This account adopts the broad serbica treatment of the 2011 molecular revision, including arcana, bohemica and moravica below species rank. The database disagreement is retained, and chemistry remains separated by the study’s original labels.
Fields: overview.text
- borovicka-2011 — pp. 152–153
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- index-fungorum-515724-2026 — Current-name field
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1, serbica rows
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The 2011 revision describes substantial variation in size, cap shape and colour among the merged forms. Earlier narrow descriptions therefore do not define every specimen within the broader treatment.
Fields: description.macroscopic.text
- borovicka-2011 — p. 153, Conclusion
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Borovička’s examination of serbica type material found frequent pleurocystidia, despite contradictory statements in the original description as quoted there. The later broad treatment encompasses variable cystidial form and spore size.
Fields: description.microscopic.text
- borovicka-2008 — p. 183, serbica treatment
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- borovicka-2011 — p. 153, Conclusion
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The cited revision studies the wood-rotting European group. Its serbica concept combines forms previously distinguished partly by ecological and seasonal characters; a single substrate or fruiting calendar would conceal that variation.
Fields: ecology.narrative.text
- borovicka-2011 — Introduction; Results and discussion; Conclusion
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The molecular study includes a Croatian serbica collection and Czech material under the names later reduced in rank. The assay supplement adds material from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Germany. These are sampled localities, not a complete distribution.
Fields: distribution.narrative.text
- borovicka-2011 — Table 1 p. 151
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- gotvaldova-2022 — Supplementary Table S1, PS-12 and PS-70
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The 2011 study found no differences among its serbica-group samples in ITS, LSU and EF1α. It could not obtain DNA from the serbica paratype and used Croatian collection PRM 903176 as a morphological match. That sampling limitation matters when interpreting the merged species concept.
Fields: molecular.text
- borovicka-2011 — Collections used p. 150; Table 1 p. 151; results p. 152
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Index Fungorum dates publication to 1969, with 1968 as the printed volume year. The later molecular revision appeared online in 2010 and in the 2011 issue; it proposed the combinations serbica var. arcana, var. bohemica and var. moravica.
Fields: history.text
- index-fungorum-321950-2026 — Publication field
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- borovicka-2011 — First page and taxonomic changes p. 153
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Preserved source group Psilocybe serbica with sample counts, ranges and collection context.
Fields: chemistry.assays.0
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1, Psilocybe serbica row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Preserved source group Psilocybe serbica var. arcana with sample counts, ranges and collection context.
Fields: chemistry.assays.1
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1, Psilocybe serbica var. arcana row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Preserved source group Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica with sample counts, ranges and collection context.
Fields: chemistry.assays.2
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1, Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Preserved source group Psilocybe serbica var. moravica with sample counts, ranges and collection context.
Fields: chemistry.assays.3
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1, Psilocybe serbica var. moravica row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
One study provides four separately reported groups: serbica without a variety assignment, and varieties arcana, bohemica and moravica. Their counts, ranges and collection records remain separate.
Fields: chemistry.summary.text, chemistry.evidence_status
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1, serbica row(s); discussion
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Gotvaldová and colleagues used UHPLC–MS/MS for five tryptamine alkaloids. Collection and storage context is retained with each extracted table group.
Fields: chemistry.modern_assay.text
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited source by the Psilocybia editorial process.
407 georeferenced records for this name in the cited GBIF download, plotted as 293 distinct positions and spanning 21 country codes, of which 3 rest on a single record. These are record locations, not a compiled range: no range has been researched for this account.
Fields: distribution.occurrence
- gbif-download-dhgzxa-2026 — Download 0000371-260915150036944; rows matched on taxonKey
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-15 · Psilocybia editorial. Archive read row by row to generate the published map and the per-country counts. Rows under synonyms, infraspecific taxa and sequence clusters are excluded rather than reassigned.
Database identifiers for this species, recorded so a reader can retrieve the same records. The GBIF backbone still places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae, whereas this site follows the 2026 family revision and treats the genus in Agrocybaceae; citing the identifier is not an endorsement of that placement.
Fields: distribution.gbif_taxon_id, distribution.inaturalist_taxon_id
- gbif-5459251-2026 — Backbone taxon record 5459251
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Identifier confirmed against the backbone record by two endpoints.
- inaturalist-518938-2026 — Taxon record 518938
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Identifier confirmed against the taxon record by two endpoints.
The 2008 revision reports only the season of the examined collections and suggests a submontane or montane species; no habitat or substrate statement specific to P. serbica was located there.
Fields: ecology.seasonality
- borovicka-2008 — Habitat, ecology and distribution statements
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Read directly in the cited text; the passage was anchored to this species entry.
Distribution as given in the 2008 revision. That paper predates the 2011 synonymy this site follows, under which arcana, bohemica and moravica fall within P. serbica; their separately reported Czech localities are not merged into this figure.
Fields: distribution.regions, distribution.countries
- borovicka-2008 — Habitat, ecology and distribution statements
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Read directly in the cited text; the passage was anchored to this species entry.
Conflicting evidence
Published molecular revision and the database current-name assertion use different ranks for arcana.
For this account, follow the explicit three-marker revision and retain the historical names as searchable synonyms. The revision did not obtain DNA from serbica paratype material; its circumscription remains open to future testing. Resolution records an editorial choice, not the disappearance of scientific disagreement. — Psilocybia editorial, 2026-09-10