01Overview
A comparison of Mexican and Costa Rican type material underlies this account. It follows the published synonymy of P. bipleurocystidiata with P. subtropicalis and keeps the two type collections distinct. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types]
This is a scientific reference record, not field-identification guidance.
02Nomenclature
- Accepted name
- Psilocybe subtropicalis
- Authority
- Guzmán
- Family
- Agrocybaceae
- Publication year
- 1995
- Basionym
- Not yet researched — verification required
- Taxonomic status
- accepted
- MycoBank identifier
- Not yet researched — verification required
- Index Fungorum identifier
- Not yet researched — verification required
Synonyms (1 recorded names)
- Psilocybe bipleurocystidiata E. Horak & Guzmán
Nomenclatural sources: [gbif-col-4phdr-2026] [ramirez-cruz-2013-types] [niskanen-2026]
Research completeness
- taxonomy
- Human reviewed — J Dale, 2026-09-29
Primary type comparison and current Catalogue of Life/GBIF acceptance checked. Adopted bipleurocystidiata synonymy is documented. Index Fungorum record retrieval was unavailable; its identifier is left unpopulated. No informal or cultivated-name synonymy is adopted.
- overview
- preliminary
Selected source passages checked; this is not a comprehensive account.
- description
- preliminary
Selected microscopic observations from the type revision checked against PDF page images. Macroscopic description remains unresearched. Numeric units are read from the page images, not the unreliable extracted text.
- ecology
- not researched
Not yet researched for this account; no claim that evidence is absent.
- distribution
- preliminary
Selected source passages checked; this is not a comprehensive account.
- chemistry
- not researched
Not yet researched for this account; no claim that evidence is absent.
- molecular
- not researched
Not yet researched for this account; no claim that evidence is absent.
- history
- preliminary
Selected source passages checked; this is not a comprehensive account.
- conservation
- not researched
Not yet researched for this account; no claim that evidence is absent.
03Taxonomic description
Taxonomic description. These characters are presented for scientific reference and are not intended as field-identification guidance.
Macroscopic characters
This section has not yet been researched for this account.
Microscopic characters
The subtropicalis holotype has reported spores of 6.4–8.0 × 5.6–6.4(7.2) × 4.4–4.8 µm, subhexagonal or subrhomboid in frontal view and ellipsoid laterally. The revision distinguishes leptocystidia arising from the subhymenium and deuterocystidia arising from the hymenophoral trama. Pileocystidia were absent in this holotype but observed in the bipleurocystidiata isotype. These are observations of the examined material, not a complete description of species variation. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types]
04Distribution and ecology
The revision examined the Mexican holotype L. Montoya 910 (XAL), collected on 6 October 1986 at the Francisco Javier Clavijero Ecological Park near Xalapa, Veracruz. It also examined R. Singer 14484 (XAL, bipleurocystidiata isotype), collected on 25 July 1986 at Monte Verde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. These are collection localities within the adopted treatment, not a complete distribution map. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types]
- Known range
- Not yet researched
- Countries with documented material
- Mexico
- Habitats
- Not yet researched
- Substrates
- Not yet researched
- Ecological associations
- Not yet researched
- Seasonality
- Not yet researched
Ecological context
This section has not yet been researched for this account.
Occurrence records
Recorded observations are not equivalent to true biological range. Absence of records does not demonstrate absence of a species.
Occurrence provenance & map methods
- Licence / retrieval date
- CC BY-NC 4.0 / 2026-09-15
- Coordinate uncertainty
- Reported for 104 of 114 plotted records. Median 4 km; 3 records at 30 m or finer; coarsest 478 km. Points are plotted at source precision, so precision varies by orders of magnitude within this map.
- Sensitive records
- unreviewed
- Countries with georeferenced records
- MX (110) · US (2) · CR (1) · HN (1)
Points are plotted at source precision on an equirectangular projection. Two records falling on the same rendered pixel appear as one mark; the downloadable dataset is not reduced. Records published under names this reference has not reconciled, including synonyms, infraspecific taxa and sequence clusters, are excluded rather than reassigned.
05Chemistry
Measurements belong to studies, specimens and methods. A single concentration cannot stand in for a species.
| Study / year | Material | Method | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| No verified assay records entered. This does not establish that no published assays exist. | |||
Fields retained in each future assay record
Study, publication year, specimen, material, sample size, provenance, analytical method, preparation, storage, psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, aeruginascin, units, qualifiers and methodological notes. No concentrations have been invented for this prototype.
Modern quantitative assays
Modern analytical studies have not yet been systematically searched and checked for this account.
Evidence assessment
Chemical literature has not yet been reviewed for this account. No assay values are extracted; this does not establish the presence or absence of any compound.
Assessments depend on material, preparation, storage, sampling and analytical methods. Measurements are literature records, not predictions of effects.
How chemistry records are structured ↗06Molecular evidence
This section has not yet been researched for this account.
07History
The type revision cites the original subtropicalis description in Bibliotheca Mycologica 159:107 (1995) and the bipleurocystidiata description in Sydowia 61(2):216 (2009). Its 2013 reassessment unites them. The original descriptions have not been inspected for this account. [ramirez-cruz-2013-types]
A place for the historical record
This account records the nomenclatural history checked so far. Broader historical research remains pending; interpretations must stay connected to their documentary sources.
08Conservation
Conservation assessments have not yet been researched for this account.
- Assessment status
- Not yet researched
- Assessment authority / year
- Not verified / Not verified
Not researched by Psilocybia, not assessed by a conservation authority, and Least Concern are different states. None should be inferred from another.
09Images & specimens
Space is reserved for field photographs, herbarium specimens, microscopy and historical plates, with source and licence metadata.
Photographs are not presented as sufficient for mushroom identification.
10References
- GBIF Secretariat (2026). Psilocybe subtropicalis — GBIF Backbone Taxonomy record 5459534; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Backbone name record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: the strict name-match endpoint returned usageKey 5459534 as an EXACT, ACCEPTED species match, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and acceptance. The record places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae; that placement is not adopted here.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Backbone name record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: the strict name-match endpoint returned usageKey 5459534 as an EXACT, ACCEPTED species match, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and acceptance. The record places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae; that placement is not adopted here.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- GBIF / Catalogue of Life (2026). Psilocybe subtropicalis, Catalogue of Life taxon 4PHDR — accessed 12 September 2026. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Provider, record identity and displayed nomenclatural citation checked. Retrieval year is not the name publication year.
- content: verified · 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Read accepted name, authority, bipleurocystidiata synonym and bibliography. Original name publication is cited by the database, not inspected. Database acceptance is corroborated by the 2013 type revision.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- GBIF.org (2026). GBIF Occurrence Download: georeferenced records for Psilocybe taxa (download 0000371-260915150036944). . DOI: 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Download record retrieved from the GBIF API. Key 0000371-260915150036944, DOI 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa, status SUCCEEDED, created 2026-09-15, 31,439 records drawn from 294 datasets, SIMPLE_CSV format, licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode. The DOI and the record count were confirmed against the archive held locally rather than assumed from the filename.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI read from the download record returned by the GBIF API and matched to the download key of the archive used to generate the occurrence maps.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
The archive was read row by row to generate the published maps and the per-country counts. 31,208 rows carry usable coordinates and a taxonKey this reference maps to one of its own records; 231 rows fall under synonyms, infraspecific taxa or sequence clusters and are excluded rather than reassigned. Coordinate uncertainty is reported for about 90 per cent of rows, with a median near 7 km and a coarsest value above 5,000 km, so individual points vary enormously in precision. 25 per cent of the country entries derived from this download rest on a single record, and the majority of records are human observations rather than preserved specimens; counts are therefore published alongside every country.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- iNaturalist (2026). Psilocybe subtropicalis — iNaturalist taxon 352012; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe subtropicalis with id 352012, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe subtropicalis with id 352012, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- T. Niskanen; B. Dentinger; A.M. Ainsworth; I. Kytövuori; J.T. Kim; G.W. Griffith; K. Liimatainen (2026). Re-shaping the family-level classification of Agaricineae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) using a phylogenomic approach. Studies in Mycology 113(1), 115–134. DOI: 10.3114/sim.2026.113.03 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Bibliographic identity inspected; publication year is distinct from retrieval date.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Family treatment Agrocybaceae, Table 1 and classification discussion inspected in the PDF. Effective online date in paper: 1 April 2026; Crossref issue date differs, so the record retains year only.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI and title matched against the cited bibliographic record; not just resolver availability.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Virginia Ramírez-Cruz; Gaston Guzmán; Laura Guzmán-Dávalos (2013). Type studies of Psilocybe sensu lato (Strophariaceae, Agaricales). Sydowia 65(2), 277–319. Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Bibliographic identity checked against the publication.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Full PDF inspected, with goniospora pp. 291–292 and ovoideocystidiata pp. 302–303 read in detail. No numeric microdimensions transcribed because extracted unit glyphs are unreliable. Qualitative cystidial observations and the type voucher are used.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Claim provenance
Source checks record what was inspected. Publication approval and section review are separate editorial decisions.
The name and nomenclatural citation agree between the inspected database record and the type revision.
Fields: taxonomy.canonical_name, taxonomy.accepted_name, taxonomy.genus, taxonomy.specific_epithet, taxonomy.authority, taxonomy.publication_year
- gbif-col-4phdr-2026 — Name heading and original publication citation
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — pp. 308–309, subtropicalis; p. 285, bipleurocystidiata
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Retain the species following the inspected type treatment, corroborated by current database acceptance; this is a scoped editorial decision, not a genus-wide reconciliation.
Fields: taxonomy.status
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — pp. 308–309, subtropicalis; p. 285, bipleurocystidiata
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- gbif-col-4phdr-2026 — Accepted/current name
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Adopt Agrocybaceae following the 2026 phylogenomic family treatment, which explicitly includes Psilocybe.
Fields: taxonomy.family
- niskanen-2026 — p. 119, Agrocybaceae: currently included genera
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
Adopt bipleurocystidiata as a synonym under the 2013 comparison of type material, corroborated by the Catalogue of Life record displayed by GBIF.
Fields: taxonomy.synonyms
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — p. 285 and 308–309, reciprocal synonym treatments
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
- gbif-col-4phdr-2026 — Synonyms and combinations
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The type revision records bipleurocystidiata as originally described separately in 2009.
Fields: taxonomy.synonyms
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — p. 285, name heading and remarks
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
A comparison of Mexican and Costa Rican type material underlies this account. It follows the published synonymy of P. bipleurocystidiata with P. subtropicalis and keeps the two type collections distinct.
Fields: overview.text
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — p. 285 and 308–309
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The subtropicalis holotype has reported spores of 6.4–8.0 × 5.6–6.4(7.2) × 4.4–4.8 µm, subhexagonal or subrhomboid in frontal view and ellipsoid laterally. The revision distinguishes leptocystidia arising from the subhymenium and deuterocystidia arising from the hymenophoral trama. Pileocystidia were absent in this holotype but observed in the bipleurocystidiata isotype. These are observations of the examined material, not a complete description of species variation.
Fields: description.microscopic.text
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — pp. 278 (measurement convention), 285 and 308–309; PDF page images checked for µm
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The revision examined the Mexican holotype L. Montoya 910 (XAL), collected on 6 October 1986 at the Francisco Javier Clavijero Ecological Park near Xalapa, Veracruz. It also examined R. Singer 14484 (XAL, bipleurocystidiata isotype), collected on 25 July 1986 at Monte Verde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. These are collection localities within the adopted treatment, not a complete distribution map.
Fields: distribution.narrative.text
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — p. 285 and p. 309, Material examined
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
The type revision cites the original subtropicalis description in Bibliotheca Mycologica 159:107 (1995) and the bipleurocystidiata description in Sydowia 61(2):216 (2009). Its 2013 reassessment unites them. The original descriptions have not been inspected for this account.
Fields: history.text
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — pp. 285 and 308–309, nomenclatural citations and remarks
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-12 · Psilocybia editorial. Scoped source passage inspected by the Psilocybia editorial process.
114 georeferenced records for this name in the cited GBIF download, plotted as 45 distinct positions and spanning 4 country codes, of which 2 rest on a single record. These are record locations, not a compiled range: no range has been researched for this account.
Fields: distribution.occurrence
- gbif-download-dhgzxa-2026 — Download 0000371-260915150036944; rows matched on taxonKey
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-15 · Psilocybia editorial. Archive read row by row to generate the published map and the per-country counts. Rows under synonyms, infraspecific taxa and sequence clusters are excluded rather than reassigned.
Database identifiers for this species, recorded so a reader can retrieve the same records. The GBIF backbone still places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae, whereas this site follows the 2026 family revision and treats the genus in Agrocybaceae; citing the identifier is not an endorsement of that placement.
Fields: distribution.gbif_taxon_id, distribution.inaturalist_taxon_id
- gbif-5459534-2026 — Backbone taxon record 5459534
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Identifier confirmed against the backbone record by two endpoints.
- inaturalist-352012-2026 — Taxon record 352012
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Identifier confirmed against the taxon record by two endpoints.
Country of the type material as recorded in the type study. No range statement was located, so the known range is left unresearched.
Fields: distribution.countries
- ramirez-cruz-2013-types — Habitat, ecology and distribution statements
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Read directly in the cited text; the passage was anchored to this species entry.
Conflicting evidence
A separately described name was synonymized after comparison of type material.
Follow the 2013 type-based synonymy, corroborated by the current Catalogue of Life record. Preserve differences reported between the examined types; do not infer identical morphology in every collection. — Psilocybia editorial, 2026-09-12