01Overview
This account follows Guzmán’s 2012 emended treatment and adds a small Mexican-collection assay plus published sequence and genome evidence. Morphological variation and the history of the species concept remain relevant to interpreting records assigned to this name. [guzman-2012-zapotecorum] [gotvaldova-2022] [miller-2024-zapotecorum]
This is a scientific reference record, not field-identification guidance.
02Nomenclature
- Accepted name
- Psilocybe zapotecorum
- Authority
- R. Heim
- Family
- Agrocybaceae
- Publication year
- 1957
- Basionym
- Not yet researched — verification required
- Taxonomic status
- accepted
- MycoBank identifier
- Not yet researched — verification required
- Index Fungorum identifier
- Not yet researched — verification required
Synonyms (0 recorded names)
No verified synonyms entered. This does not indicate that synonyms do not exist.
Nomenclatural sources: [ncbi-1418860-2026] [ramirez-cruz-2013-phylogeny] [niskanen-2026] [guzman-2012-zapotecorum]
Research completeness
- taxonomy
- Human reviewed — J Dale, 2026-09-29
Current name and scoped inclusion checked against database and primary literature. This does not claim exhaustive synonymy or resolution of every species boundary.
- overview
- preliminary
Selected passages checked; comprehensive synthesis remains pending.
- description
- preliminary
Selected passages checked; comprehensive synthesis remains pending.
- ecology
- preliminary
Selected passages checked; comprehensive synthesis remains pending.
- distribution
- preliminary
Selected passages checked; comprehensive synthesis remains pending.
- chemistry
- disputed
The 2022 assay row and collection are checked. The 2024 study was also inspected, but its detailed assay extraction is deferred because Table 1 and prose disagree on norbaeocystin values; no combined species concentration is inferred.
- molecular
- preliminary
Selected passages checked; comprehensive synthesis remains pending.
- history
- preliminary
Selected passages checked; comprehensive synthesis remains pending.
- conservation
- not researched
Conservation assessment research pending; no threat category inferred.
03Taxonomic description
Taxonomic description. These characters are presented for scientific reference and are not intended as field-identification guidance.
Macroscopic characters
Guzmán’s emended treatment describes a variable cap, (20–)40–70(–110) mm across, ranging from conical or bell-shaped to convex or flattened. Stems bear white scales, and the base may extend into a substantial root-like structure. These are selected taxonomic observations from that treatment. [guzman-2012-zapotecorum]
Microscopic characters
The 2012 treatment gives spores as (5–)6–7(–8) × (3–)3.5–4.5(–5) × 3–4 µm, retaining its three dimensions and parenthesized endpoints. It distinguishes pleurocystidia, pseudocystidia and variable cheilocystidia. The 2024 La Martinica study provides a separate microscopic examination of cultivated material. [guzman-2012-zapotecorum] [miller-2024-zapotecorum]
04Distribution and ecology
Guzmán’s 2012 treatment reports the species from Mexico through parts of Central and South America to Argentina, listing eight countries. This is the revision’s reported range, not a newly validated occurrence map. The 2022 assay separately documents Mexican collection PS-51. [guzman-2012-zapotecorum] [gotvaldova-2022]
- Known range
- Not yet researched
- Countries with documented material
- Not yet researched
- Habitats
- Swampy and muddy soils
- Substrates
- Swampy and muddy soil
- Ecological associations
- Not yet researched
- Seasonality
- Not yet researched
Ecological context
The 2012 revision describes records from montane cloud forests in the northern part of its range and lowland subtropical forests farther south. These source descriptions do not establish habitat limits or a complete ecological niche. [guzman-2012-zapotecorum]
Occurrence records
Recorded observations are not equivalent to true biological range. Absence of records does not demonstrate absence of a species.
Occurrence provenance & map methods
- Licence / retrieval date
- CC BY-NC 4.0 / 2026-09-15
- Coordinate uncertainty
- Reported for 711 of 782 plotted records. Median 31 km; 65 records at 30 m or finer; coarsest 1944 km. Points are plotted at source precision, so precision varies by orders of magnitude within this map.
- Sensitive records
- unreviewed
- Countries with georeferenced records
- MX (345) · CO (316) · EC (55) · CR (32) · BR (27) · PE (4) · AR (1) · HN (1) · PA (1)
Points are plotted at source precision on an equirectangular projection. Two records falling on the same rendered pixel appear as one mark; the downloadable dataset is not reduced. Records published under names this reference has not reconciled, including synonyms, infraspecific taxa and sequence clusters, are excluded rather than reassigned.
05Chemistry
Measurements belong to studies, specimens and methods. A single concentration cannot stand in for a species.
| Study / year | Material | Method | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids / 2022 | Dried fruiting bodies | UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring) | Details ↓ |
gotvaldova-2022-zapotecorum-table-1 — specimen, methods & measurements
- Source location
- Table 1, Psilocybe zapotecorum row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1, PS-51; section 2.2, Mexican species discussion
- Verification
- Source checked; see evidence trail
- Measurement basis
- dry mass
- Specimen
- Psilocybe zapotecorum as identified in the source; whole fruiting bodies.
- Material
- Dried fruiting bodies
- Sample size
- 2
- Sample counting basis
- 2 fruiting bodies (fb) from 1 collection (n), as defined by Table 1.
- Provenance
- Mexican collection PS-51; section 2.2 explains that no fungarium material was deposited because only two fruiting bodies were available. ITS sequencing documented the collection.
- Analytical method
- UHPLC–MS/MS (triple quadrupole; positive electrospray; dynamic multiple reaction monitoring)
- Preparation
- Dried, homogenized fruiting bodies; acidified methanol extraction and re-extraction (section 3.3).
- Storage
- Dried material kept in darkness at 20 °C (section 3.2). Collection and analysis dates are retained below; exact storage durations are not inferred.
- psilocybin
- 9.022–9.655 mg/g (range) — Dry-mass range as printed in Table 1.
- psilocin
- 0.293–0.369 mg/g (range) — Dry-mass range as printed in Table 1.
- baeocystin
- 0.43–0.481 mg/g (range) — Dry-mass range as printed in Table 1.
- norbaeocystin
- 0.208–0.211 mg/g (range) — Dry-mass range as printed in Table 1.
- aeruginascin
- 0.021 mg/g (not reported) — Single numerical entry printed in the two-fruiting-body row; the source does not label it a mean or an individual measurement.
Collections in the source
Dates retain the precision reported by the study. These collections underlie the aggregate ranges; individual concentrations have not been inferred.
PS-51 · Mexico
- Collected
- 09.07.2016
- Analysed
- April 2018
- Voucher
- Not reported
- GenBank accession
- MN901953
Fungarium ID is a dash in Table S1; accession transcribed from that table, not independently reanalysed.
This one-collection assay is not a species-wide concentration estimate. Collection and analysis dates do not establish an exact storage duration. Detection and quantification limits are distinct; no missing or censored result is converted to zero. The source gives Mexico as origin without an explicit wild-versus-cultivated designation in Table S1. Table 1 values are used where the discussion differs; both assertions and the editorial choice are recorded in the conflict trail.
Read source recordModern quantitative assays
Gotvaldová and colleagues used UHPLC–MS/MS to measure five tryptamine alkaloids. The method and preparation context accompany the assay record. [gotvaldova-2022]
Evidence assessment
One 2022 Mexican-collection assay is extracted here. Miller and colleagues also report a 2024 study of La Martinica material; its quantitative extraction is pending reconciliation of differences between Table 1 and the narrative, including norbaeocystin. The studies are not pooled into a species concentration. [gotvaldova-2022] [miller-2024-zapotecorum]
Assessments depend on material, preparation, storage, sampling and analytical methods. Measurements are literature records, not predictions of effects.
How chemistry records are structured ↗06Molecular evidence
The 2024 La Martinica study reports ITS barcode OP973765 and a genome associated with BioProject PRJNA1013220 and BioSample SAMN37305711. It describes psilocybin-cluster homologs and compares the cluster with P. mexicana. The BioSample identifier is not an assembly accession, and no genome reanalysis was performed here. [miller-2024-zapotecorum]
07History
Guzmán’s 2012 revision cites Heim and Wasson J-125, collected 3 August 1956, as the holotype in PC, with isotypes in ENCB and XAL. It distinguishes the 1956 nomen nudum from the 1957 publication in Revue Mycologique 22:77. The revision’s broader synonym list has not been adopted wholesale in this account. [guzman-2012-zapotecorum]
A place for the historical record
This account records the nomenclatural history checked so far. Broader historical research remains pending; interpretations must stay connected to their documentary sources.
08Conservation
Conservation assessments have not yet been researched for this account.
- Assessment status
- Not yet researched
- Assessment authority / year
- Not verified / Not verified
Not researched by Psilocybia, not assessed by a conservation authority, and Least Concern are different states. None should be inferred from another.
09Images & specimens
Space is reserved for field photographs, herbarium specimens, microscopy and historical plates, with source and licence metadata.
Photographs are not presented as sufficient for mushroom identification.
10References
- GBIF Secretariat (2026). Psilocybe zapotecorum — GBIF Backbone Taxonomy record 5242545; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Backbone name record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: the strict name-match endpoint returned usageKey 5242545 as an EXACT, ACCEPTED species match, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and acceptance. The record places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae; that placement is not adopted here.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Backbone name record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: the strict name-match endpoint returned usageKey 5242545 as an EXACT, ACCEPTED species match, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and acceptance. The record places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae; that placement is not adopted here.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- GBIF.org (2026). GBIF Occurrence Download: georeferenced records for Psilocybe taxa (download 0000371-260915150036944). . DOI: 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Download record retrieved from the GBIF API. Key 0000371-260915150036944, DOI 10.15468/dl.dhgzxa, status SUCCEEDED, created 2026-09-15, 31,439 records drawn from 294 datasets, SIMPLE_CSV format, licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode. The DOI and the record count were confirmed against the archive held locally rather than assumed from the filename.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI read from the download record returned by the GBIF API and matched to the download key of the archive used to generate the occurrence maps.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
The archive was read row by row to generate the published maps and the per-country counts. 31,208 rows carry usable coordinates and a taxonKey this reference maps to one of its own records; 231 rows fall under synonyms, infraspecific taxa or sequence clusters and are excluded rather than reassigned. Coordinate uncertainty is reported for about 90 per cent of rows, with a median near 7 km and a coarsest value above 5,000 km, so individual points vary enormously in precision. 25 per cent of the country entries derived from this download rest on a single record, and the majority of records are human observations rather than preserved specimens; counts are therefore published alongside every country.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Klára Gotvaldová; Jan Borovička; Kateřina Hájková; Petra Cihlářová; Alan Rockefeller; Martin Kuchař (2022). Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23(22), 14068. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214068 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Authors, title, year, volume, issue and article number match the article XML.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI in PubMed matches article-id in the primary article XML; this is an identity cross-check, not just syntax validation.
- content: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Read Table 1 and its footnote, and sections 3.1, 3.3 and 3.4 in the full-text XML. Supplementary Table S1 has not yet been extracted.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Rechecked Table 1, sections 3.2–3.4, and Supplementary Table S1 (13 collections in this batch). Corrected pilot locator: collection/storage is section 3.2, not 3.1. Original aggregate ranges verified against XML.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-08 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Gastón Guzmán (2012). New taxonomical and ethnomycological observations on Psilocybe s.s. (Fungi, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricales, Strophariaceae) from Mexico, Africa and Spain. Acta Botanica Mexicana (100), 79-106. DOI: 10.21829/abm100.2012.32 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
The PDF gives the English title, author, issue 100, pages 79–106 and year 2012. Crossref supplies a Spanish title and an online date in 2022; the account retains the printed 2012 publication year, without treating the repository date as the taxonomic date.
- content: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Read the emended treatment on pp. 84–86 and its preceding discussion. Visually checked PDF pp. 84–85 for type, name year, morphology and units. Archaeological species identifications are not adopted.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI, authors, journal and pagination cross-checked against the paper and Crossref.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- iNaturalist (2026). Psilocybe zapotecorum — iNaturalist taxon 206149; accessed 29 September 2026. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe zapotecorum with id 206149, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.
- content: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Taxon record retrieved and confirmed by two independent routes: a name query returned exactly one active species taxon named Psilocybe zapotecorum with id 206149, and the record endpoint was then fetched directly and agreed on name, rank and active status. This is an identifier for a community observation platform, not a taxonomic authority.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Dusty Rose Miller; Jordan Taylor Jacobs; Alan Rockefeller; Harte Singer; Ian M. Bollinger; James Conway; Jason C. Slot; David E. Cliffel (2024). Cultivation, chemistry, and genome of Psilocybe zapotecorum. Journal of Psychedelic Studies 8(1), 63-81. DOI: 10.1556/2054.2023.00332 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Title, authors, journal, volume 8(1), pages 63–81 and DOI match Crossref and PMC. Issue year is 2024; PMC availability in 2026 is not the publication year. Day-level publication dates differ between Crossref and PMC.
- content: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Read microscopy, DNA barcoding and genome results plus Table 1 and analytical methods. Genome and ITS details are extracted. Quantitative chemistry is deferred: Table 1 and narrative disagree on norbaeocystin values, and complete reconciliation is pending. No cultivation protocol is reproduced.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI, authors, journal and pagination cross-checked against the paper and Crossref.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- NCBI Taxonomy (2026). Psilocybe zapotecorum — taxonomy record 1418860, accessed 11 September 2026. . Source record ↗
Source class: taxonomic database.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Database identity and taxon identifier checked on the record page.
- content: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Current name, author and year checked; this is a database assertion, not a substitute for primary taxonomy. Family placement is not adopted from this record.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- T. Niskanen; B. Dentinger; A.M. Ainsworth; I. Kytövuori; J.T. Kim; G.W. Griffith; K. Liimatainen (2026). Re-shaping the family-level classification of Agaricineae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) using a phylogenomic approach. Studies in Mycology 113(1), 115–134. DOI: 10.3114/sim.2026.113.03 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Bibliographic identity inspected; publication year is distinct from retrieval date.
- content: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Family treatment Agrocybaceae, Table 1 and classification discussion inspected in the PDF. Effective online date in paper: 1 April 2026; Crossref issue date differs, so the record retains year only.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI and title matched against the cited bibliographic record; not just resolver availability.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-10 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
- Virginia Ramírez-Cruz; Gastón Guzmán; Alma Rosa Villalobos-Arámbula; Aarón Rodríguez; P. Brandon Matheny; Marisol Sánchez-García; Laura Guzmán-Dávalos (2013). Phylogenetic inference and trait evolution of the psychedelic mushroom genus Psilocybe sensu lato (Agaricales). Botany 91(9), 573-591. DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2013-0070 Source record ↗
Source class: primary.
Source verification history
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Authors, Botany 91(9):573–591, year 2013 and DOI match the primary PDF and Crossref.
- content: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Read Table 2 entries Ps-329, Ps-308 and Ps-317, Fig. 1 and the mexicanae/zapotecorum clade discussion. Marker accessions are reported from the paper; no sequence reanalysis.
- doi: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
DOI, authors, journal and pagination cross-checked against the paper and Crossref.
- metadata: verified · 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Verification source
Claim provenance
Source checks record what was inspected. Publication approval and section review are separate editorial decisions.
Psilocybe zapotecorum is retained as a species using the checked current-name assertion and its inclusion in the primary multigene study. This is a scoped editorial acceptance decision.
Fields: taxonomy.canonical_name, taxonomy.accepted_name, taxonomy.genus, taxonomy.specific_epithet, taxonomy.authority, taxonomy.publication_year, taxonomy.status
- ncbi-1418860-2026 — Current name and rank
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
- ramirez-cruz-2013-phylogeny — Table 2 and Psilocybe phylogenetic results
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
The account follows the 2026 Agrocybaceae circumscription for Psilocybe.
Fields: taxonomy.family
- niskanen-2026 — Agrocybaceae treatment and Table 1
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
The extracted 2022 study contains two fruiting bodies from one Mexican collection. Limited-quantitative describes the coverage of this account.
Fields: chemistry.assays.0, chemistry.evidence_status
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1, Psilocybe zapotecorum row; sections 3.2–3.4; Supplementary Table S1, PS-51; section 2.2, Mexican species discussion
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
Gotvaldová and colleagues used UHPLC–MS/MS to measure five tryptamine alkaloids. The method and preparation context accompany the assay record.
Fields: chemistry.modern_assay.text
- gotvaldova-2022 — Sections 3.2–3.4
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
Guzmán’s 2012 treatment reports the species from Mexico through parts of Central and South America to Argentina, listing eight countries. This is the revision’s reported range, not a newly validated occurrence map. The 2022 assay separately documents Mexican collection PS-51.
Fields: distribution.narrative.text
- guzman-2012-zapotecorum — Distribution discussion, p. 86
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
- gotvaldova-2022 — Supplementary Table S1, PS-51
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
This account follows Guzmán’s 2012 emended treatment and adds a small Mexican-collection assay plus published sequence and genome evidence. Morphological variation and the history of the species concept remain relevant to interpreting records assigned to this name.
Fields: overview.text
- guzman-2012-zapotecorum — Emended treatment, pp. 84–86
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
- miller-2024-zapotecorum — DNA barcoding and Full genome sequencing results
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
Guzmán’s emended treatment describes a variable cap, (20–)40–70(–110) mm across, ranging from conical or bell-shaped to convex or flattened. Stems bear white scales, and the base may extend into a substantial root-like structure. These are selected taxonomic observations from that treatment.
Fields: description.macroscopic.text
- guzman-2012-zapotecorum — Description, pp. 84–85
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
The 2012 treatment gives spores as (5–)6–7(–8) × (3–)3.5–4.5(–5) × 3–4 µm, retaining its three dimensions and parenthesized endpoints. It distinguishes pleurocystidia, pseudocystidia and variable cheilocystidia. The 2024 La Martinica study provides a separate microscopic examination of cultivated material.
Fields: description.microscopic.text
- guzman-2012-zapotecorum — Description, p. 85
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
- miller-2024-zapotecorum — Microscopic analysis results
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
The 2012 revision describes records from montane cloud forests in the northern part of its range and lowland subtropical forests farther south. These source descriptions do not establish habitat limits or a complete ecological niche.
Fields: ecology.narrative.text
- guzman-2012-zapotecorum — Distribution discussion, pp. 85–86
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
The 2024 La Martinica study reports ITS barcode OP973765 and a genome associated with BioProject PRJNA1013220 and BioSample SAMN37305711. It describes psilocybin-cluster homologs and compares the cluster with P. mexicana. The BioSample identifier is not an assembly accession, and no genome reanalysis was performed here.
Fields: molecular.text
- miller-2024-zapotecorum — DNA barcoding and Full genome sequencing results
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
Guzmán’s 2012 revision cites Heim and Wasson J-125, collected 3 August 1956, as the holotype in PC, with isotypes in ENCB and XAL. It distinguishes the 1956 nomen nudum from the 1957 publication in Revue Mycologique 22:77. The revision’s broader synonym list has not been adopted wholesale in this account.
Fields: history.text
- guzman-2012-zapotecorum — Name and type treatment, p. 84
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
One 2022 Mexican-collection assay is extracted here. Miller and colleagues also report a 2024 study of La Martinica material; its quantitative extraction is pending reconciliation of differences between Table 1 and the narrative, including norbaeocystin. The studies are not pooled into a species concentration.
Fields: chemistry.summary.text
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
- miller-2024-zapotecorum — Table 1 and Analytical chromatography results
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Checked against the cited passage; scope is limited to the statement and listed fields.
Table 1 reports a whole-mushroom norbaeocystin minimum of 0.08 mg/g dry mass, maximum 1.11 mg/g and mean 0.50 mg/g.
Fields: chemistry.summary.text
- miller-2024-zapotecorum — Table 1, norbaeocystin row, Whole columns
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. The source assertion is transcribed to document an internal discrepancy, not endorsed as a resolved measurement.
The results prose reports a whole-fruit norbaeocystin range beginning at 0.80 mg/g, while retaining the 1.11 mg/g maximum and 0.50 mg/g mean.
Fields: chemistry.summary.text
- miller-2024-zapotecorum — Results, Analytical chromatography, norbaeocystin paragraph
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. The source assertion is transcribed to document an internal discrepancy, not endorsed as a resolved measurement.
Table 1 reports zapotecorum psilocin as 0.293–0.369 mg/g dry mass and psilocybin as 9.022–9.655 mg/g dry mass.
Fields: chemistry.assays.0
- gotvaldova-2022 — Table 1, Psilocybe zapotecorum row
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Competing source assertions retained; see the editorial extraction resolution.
Section 2.2 reports zapotecorum psilocin as 0.293–0.367 mg/g and psilocybin as 9.022–9.653 mg/g.
Fields: chemistry.assays.0
- gotvaldova-2022 — Section 2.2, Mexican species discussion
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-11 · Psilocybia editorial. Competing source assertions retained; see the editorial extraction resolution.
782 georeferenced records for this name in the cited GBIF download, plotted as 252 distinct positions and spanning 9 country codes, of which 3 rest on a single record. These are record locations, not a compiled range: no range has been researched for this account.
Fields: distribution.occurrence
- gbif-download-dhgzxa-2026 — Download 0000371-260915150036944; rows matched on taxonKey
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-15 · Psilocybia editorial. Archive read row by row to generate the published map and the per-country counts. Rows under synonyms, infraspecific taxa and sequence clusters are excluded rather than reassigned.
Database identifiers for this species, recorded so a reader can retrieve the same records. The GBIF backbone still places Psilocybe in Hymenogastraceae, whereas this site follows the 2026 family revision and treats the genus in Agrocybaceae; citing the identifier is not an endorsement of that placement.
Fields: distribution.gbif_taxon_id, distribution.inaturalist_taxon_id
- gbif-5242545-2026 — Backbone taxon record 5242545
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Identifier confirmed against the backbone record by two endpoints.
- inaturalist-206149-2026 — Taxon record 206149
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Identifier confirmed against the taxon record by two endpoints.
Guzman (2012) characterises the habitat of the type locality collections as swampy and muddy soils, citing Heim and his own earlier work.
Fields: ecology.habitats, ecology.substrates
- guzman-2012-zapotecorum — Habitat, ecology and distribution statements
Source checked · Accessed 2026-09-29 · Psilocybia editorial. Read directly in the cited text; the passage was anchored to this species entry.
Conflicting evidence
The 2024 table and prose disagree on the whole-mushroom norbaeocystin minimum. The prose minimum also exceeds the reported mean. Quantitative extraction from this study is deferred; the separately extracted 2022 assay is unaffected.
The 2022 article gives slightly different upper bounds in Table 1 and its discussion.
The assay record deliberately transcribes Table 1, the structured quantitative results with explicit units and sample counts. The different prose values remain visible in the evidence trail. This resolves the editorial transcription choice, not the underlying publication discrepancy; no author correction or raw-data reanalysis is claimed. — Psilocybia editorial, 2026-09-11